Basic Timeline of Architecture.
Neolithic Architecture(10,0000-3,000 B.C.)- The Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were great builders, utilising mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatalhöyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed. Elaborate tombs for the dead were also built. These tombs are particularly numerous in Ireland, where there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrows and chamber tombs for their dead and causewayed camps, henges flint mines and cursus monuments.
Egyptian Architecture(3,000 B.C.-373 A.D.)- The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture. The architectural monuments, which include the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza, are among the largest and most famous.Due to the scarcity of wood,[1] the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud brick and stone, mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities.[2] From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes.
Greek Architecture(776-265 A.D.)-Common materials of Greek architecture were wood, used for supports and roof beams; plaster, used for sinks and bathtubs; unbaked brick, used for walls, especially for private homes; limestone and marble, used for columns, walls, and upper portions of temples and public buildings; terracotta, used for roof tiles and ornaments; and metals, especially bronze, used for decorative details. Architects of the Archaic and Classical periods used these building materials to construct five simple types of buildings: religious, civic, domestic, funerary, or recreational themes.
Roman Architecture(753-663 A.D.)-The Architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the external Greek architecture for their own purposes, creating a new architectural style. The Romans absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence, apparent in many aspects closely related to architecture; for example, this can be seen in the introduction and use of the Triclinium in Roman villas as a place and manner of dining. The Romans, similarly, were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics and in the construction of arches.The use of vaults and arches together with a sound knowledge of building materials, for example, enabled them to achieve unprecedented successes in the construction of imposing structures for public use. Examples include the aqueducts of Rome, the Baths of Diocletian and the Baths of Caracalla, the basilicas and Colosseum.
Romanesque [900 - 1150 A.D.] fortress like cathedral construction seeking to be fire and destruction proof which influenced the use of thick heavy stone work including the roof.
Gothic [1120 - 1500 A.D.] deviated from classic architecture of the Greeks and Romans by using pointed arches (not semi-circular or restricted to two arches per vault) and ribbing along the intersections of all arches. Analogous to a web or skeletal framework from which the building is encased. This style of architecture saught to increase the amount of light by opening up the interior space with many narrow pointed arches per vault and was mainly used for cathedrals. High gothic architecture saw the creation of the flying buttresses which were extensions of ribs from interior vaults to the outside, connecting downward to the floor level to complete the skeletal structure.
Renaissance [1350 - 1500 A.D.] Italian art and architecture characterized by embellished Roman art and architecture
Baroque [1600 - 1750 A.D.] the age of discovery brings a passion to design. Overly ornate classical motifs and excentric mathematic architecture accented with bright colors and gold trim.
Romanticism [1750 - 1850 A.D.] opposition and departure from elaborate Baroque architecture, moving toward simple design which leads to Gothic revival.
Neoclassical [1850 - 1900 A.D.] Greek and Roman revival.
Art Nouveau [1850 - 1940 A.D.] Flambouyant ornate motifs with strong organic curves. Architecture depicts cross lined designs, rouned corners and intersecting planes.
Bauhaus [1925 - 1950 A.D.] exploitation of the international style with segmentation of space into modular units showcased in glass, screens and moveable walls. The movement emphasized the study of all aspects of art including performance, music, design, painting, and architecture as a cohesive whole.
Post Modern [1925 - 1980 A.D.] departure from generalized style into individual expression through innovative use of new building technology and materials to differentiate the structure, space and experience from all previous styles. The Guggenheim Museum by Frank LLoyd Wright exemplifies the flambouyant deviation from all previous architectural movements.
International Style [1910 A.D. - present ] open expanses characterized by planes made possible through reinforced steel and concrete of the industrial age. Juxtaposition of form with elongated horizontals emphasized as seen in the work of Frank Lloyd Wright's work. Ornamental use is discontinued in favor of minimalism. This style remains pevelant in today's architecture.
Bibliography
Super floor plan! Is the big white part the bed?
ReplyDeleteYou have a very detailed timeline, we will begin a weekly indepth look at each one now.
Did you find any more about the college process?
Keep up the great work!